Eastman Kodak Resources

Eastman Kodak Resource and Capabilities Analysis Eastman Kodak has been able to maintain business in a tough market that has changed dramatically fast. Kodak’s core competitive advantage was redundant with the new digital moves happening. The introduction of digital imaging has taken off beyond anyone’s belief. Eastman Kodak has acquiring other business in trying to gain a competitive advantage in markets they have never been in. Between 1985 and the early 1990’s, Eastman Kodak acquired several companies hoping to drive their sales and profits.In order to keep a competitive advantage in the market, Eastman Kodak will have to do several key things. Eastman Kodak’s brand name speaks for its self. It is one of the most recognizable brand names in the country. Use this to the advantage of the company. In a market that has changed so quickly, a company has to be able to come up with a strategic plan in order to make sure they will continue as a profitable busin ess. Hiring has been a key strength for Kodak. Being able to bring in executives with experience and expertise has helped Kodak maintain their advantage.The role of the company now is to utilize those executives to continue to grow Kodak as a business. Some of the products that Kodak has introduced have their competitors wondering how they can get that same advantage. The 2003 introduction of the EasyShare camera docks hit the market and Kodak gained immediate advantage. Due to it being the only product on the market at the time, Kodak found a product that no one else was producing creating scarcity. This R&D investment had paid off. Being the innovator of new products and services is important for Kodak to stay in business.With so many competitors out there, scarcity and differentiation is important. Kodak’s was forced into a changing market. Being almost a monopoly for years in the film business, digital imaging was a huge step that Kodak had to figure out. In the early 197 0’s, Kodak was facing challenges from the Japanese camera industry and Polaroid pioneered instant photography. Kodak invested millions of dollars into R&D. Kodak needed to produce products that would separate them from their competitors. They will need to continue this but also find a way to turn a profit from the innovative changes.Technology and product development was a struggle for Kodak in the early 1980’s. The digital industry was taking off and most of Kodak’s plants still serviced film production. Kodak invested heavily into changing plants and equipment. Kodak realized that they were now struggling to make products from an industry that the world’s technology was moving into. Inventing new technologies thru R&D and creating a new wave of products is what will lead to the continued success of Kodak. Being able to make the leap from the old Kodak to the new Kodak has emerged Kodak as a company with competitive advantage.Management has had to cut ov er 15,000 jobs since the introduction of the digital industry. Plants were being reevaluated and stores were closed. Management had to figure out the exact approach they were going to take to become a leader again in the market. Adding new products was a step they took but most of those markets were already lead by companies that had secured their competitive advantage already. Trying to become a leader is those industries was hard with many failures. The most important role is to figure out what strength can be exploited to offset the failing issues.Due to heavily investing in the digital industry, Kodak has not seen a profit on those investments. Kodak’s brand name and profits made from the silver halide roll film has been able to keep them going. Kodak will need to continue to work toward making those investments into profits. As long as they continue with the strategic plan eventually they will see a profit from their efforts. Eastman Kodak realized that they had over ext ended themselves. Without having a commitment to those new ventures hurt the company.Eastman Kodak will need to take a hard look at the direction the company wants to go. Selling or merging some of the acquired business is the first step in making sure you are moving in a particular direction and not just acquiring companies that do not fit into the plan. Eastman Kodak has found success is a challenging market. I do believe continuing with their strategic plan of out with the old Kodak and in with the new Kodak is important. Making it easy for consumers to use the products and affordable will also keep Kodak on the path of striving competitive advantage.

English Assignment Essay

Powerful characters have the ability to persuade and change their peers and their use of values and attitudes. Harper Lee’s novel ‘To kill a Mockingbird’ is a classic text which foregrounds the prejudice, in the form of social commentary. The novel engages the readers’ view using an episodic structure. The story is narrated through the eyes of a grown up Scout, representing Harper Lee herself. Another similar story ‘A time to kill’ by John Grisham defence of a Negro by white lawyer. In this story, the Negro, Carl Lee Hailey is accused of the alleged shooting of two-white men who raped his ten year old daughter. These two novels illustrate how the rights of Negroes are ignored. Body 1. Atticus Finch is a lawyer in Maycomb which is a small, narrow-minded town with an unusual disease (95). A prejudice disease. He displays tolerance, understanding of another person’s point of view and being able to stand in another person shoes. He stands up for what is right and takes the case even though he’ll lose and believes in individual conscience, the essence of a person’s conscience (114). A symbol of reason and justice. * He uses powerful words to move the jury to be unprejudiced and fair by speaking of equality and how the stupid man is the equal of an Einstein and an ignorant man is the equal of any college president. Powerful conclusion to speech I am confident that you gentlemen will review without passion the evidence you have heard†¦ do your duty (224) although he failed in Tom’s case because he lived in the real world. A world of prejudice. 2. Wanda Womack, one of the jurors deciding the results of the case, convinces the other jurors with her powerful languages. She appeals to the other jurors with the sense of honesty and ask them to be honest with yourself (504). Throughout her influential speech, she uses persuasive technique by getting them to envisage the situation in reverse, pretend that the little girl had blond hair and blue eyes, that the two rapists were black†¦. and told them to imagine that the little girl belonged to them – their daughters (513). Because of this courageous white woman, the jury voted that jury finds the defendant not guilty by reason of insanity (508). 3. Atticus beliefs represented by Harper Lee through the character of Atticus. In his speech, he talks about the evil assumption – that all Negroes lie, that all Negroes are basically immoral beings that all Negro men are not to be trusted around our women (223). He does not believe it because it applies to white people as well. Atticus believes that all men are created equal (224) but that it is ugly facts of life (240) that in our courts, when it’s a white man’s world against a black man’s, the white man always wins (240). He believes in his moral responsibility. 4. Wanda asks the other jury to search your heart and take a long look at your soul (503) & (504) 5. Did the characters change their peers’ attitudes? Atticus did not change their peers, even though he used the power of the language and use of values and attitudes. Atticus used every tool available to free men to save Tom Robinson†¦. Tom was a dead man the minute Mayella Ewell opened her mouth and screamed. However, in the other hand, Wanda changed their peers. She asked the Jurors to put themselves in Carl Lee’s shoes. She used the language to promote empathy. Conclusion 2 novels explored the issue of racial prejudice and justice through the trials of two black men. Through the persuasive language of 2 characters, they prick the conscience of people who are riddled with prejudice and hypocrisy. Atticus and Wanda struggled for justice while they struggle for justice, they displayed values and belief. Regardless of the outcome, they both powerfully presented their case to defend the two defendants.

Sammuri Argumentative Essay

Samurais Argumentative essay Samurais were a vital part of Japanese culture and should have been allowed to continue. Although there were dangerous aspects of this tradition, it was also a large part of Japanese culture. As time passed, their existence had gradually lessened, resulting in their loss. Although the Samurai ways are no longer practiced, they have left a legacy that keeps on affecting the lives of people in Japan today. The traditions of the samurai still have an influence on the lives of the Japanese people.Whether it is through the martial arts, the peaceful arts, or their beliefs, the samurai continue to influence life to this day. The Samurai’s ethics are major in Japanese society as well as business; the idea of Bushido exists in society today as the Japanese business ethics illustrate honor and duty to Japan. To be a Samurai was a huge honor and it took an abundance of training and extensive hours of practice. Samurais had to be completely dedicated to their lifestyle; they repeated their schedule day after day: wake up in the Samurai village, meditation, hours of training, dinner, and sleep.Their routine was very rigorous however; it was compensated when they went into battle. Samurais were an elite group of warriors who were very skilled in battle and killing. Many may say that the Samurais were very violent and provocative group, however, the Samurais were always on the defensive. Though the entire movie, the Samurais never picked the fight, it was always the Americans- or in any case, it was never the Samurais who were picking the fights. The Samurais’ code of honor, Bushido, was much like a knights’ code of honor, chivalry; the only difference was â€Å"seppuku†.Seppuku was the traditional suicide after a battle was lost. The leader of the losing team was to commit suicide by carving a figure 8 into his abdomen because he shouldn’t live with the shame of losing a battle. If the man could not complete th e figure 8, the leader of the opposing side would cut off the loser’s head. This was all part of honor; however, many people saw it as barbaric and couldn’t understand this ritual. The Samurai were trained warriors and their job was to kill predators so any way they are viewed; they were still violent peoples so in a way it was a good thing that the tradition was discontinued.The weapons the Samurais used were swords, bow and arrows, and a spear; no fire arms. In the movie, The Last Samurai, it was said that the â€Å"sword is part of the soul†. The Japanese took this very seriously; training took up most of a warriors’ day. The samurai rose to power out of the constant fight for land in feudal Japan. They became experts at fighting from horseback and on the ground. They trained in armed and unarmed combat. They wore many layers of armor and used only the sword passed down from previous generations.As mentioned previously, the Samurai were trained warrior s and their job was to kill predators so in a way it was a good thing that the tradition was discontinued. However, much like the Samurai, soldiers fighting the war today are much more aggressive than the Samurai and they are armed with much more lethal weapons than a sword. Others may view this as hypocritical that the centuries long tradition was put to an end yet we continue to fight and kill to get what we need; we aren’t even fighting to protect our people like the Samurais were, we are fighting for something that we want.

Policy Analysis of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Essay

Policy Analysis of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act - Essay Example The main purpose of the given work is to analyze the benefits and drawbacks of the new policy and provide recommendations for improvement. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act: Policy Analysis Problems in the national health care system have long been a matter of serious public concern in the United States. Overspending, low efficiency, and the lack of insurance coverage have become the main policy priorities in America. More often than not, politicians and policymakers use health care problems to speed up their political careers. President Obama was probably the first to systematically address the problem of health care from within. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act marks a new stage in the evolution of American health care. Its potential benefits for common American citizens cannot be overestimated. Nonetheless, the controversy surrounding the ACA continues to persist, and it is imperative that policymakers address the existing policy inconsistencies, to ensu re that the proposed changes benefit the American society. Literature Review Needless to say, health care reforms and problems with health care provision are popular objects of empirical analysis. Much has been written and said about the main problems faced by American citizens and medical professionals. A wealth of strategies and recommendations was developed to improve the quality and efficiency of health care in the United States of America. Nonetheless, most policies provide only short-term solutions to issues surrounding health care provision. In this context, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is believed to have the potential to change the situation to the better. Given the scope of medical care problems in the United States, it is no wonder that the ACA has immediately become the most popular object of policy analysis. Health care professionals and medical practitioners provide their ideas regarding the new policy and evaluate its inconsistencies. Based on their findings, the proposed legal provisions exemplify both a promise and peril of health care in the U.S., depending on the direction American policymakers choose to take in their striving to improve the quality of medical care in America. In their study, Davis et al (2010) evaluate the financial consequences and implications of the new act. The authors analyze how the new law affects the quality, organization, and delivery of health care, financial incentives of health care providers, and its capacity to provide the best health care and improve health care outcomes for everyone (Davis et al, 2010). This study is probably the most successful attempt to reconsider the ACA from a financial viewpoint. Davis et al (2010) state that, prior to enactment of the Act, Medicate expenditures were projected to grow at 6.8 percent every year through 2019; with the ACA, these rates of growth will reduce by 5.5 percent. The fact is that the ACA involves a reform of Medicare, which will enhance the val ue of health care provided and, simultaneously, reduce the rates of spending growth (Davis et al, 2010). Another problem addressed by the ACA is the rapid growth of health care premiums, which burden millions of American families. With the new policy, including a public health insurance plan, system savings could reach an estimated $3 billion between 2010 and 2020 (Davis et al, 2010). The policy will also relieve the burden of health care pr

Professional Nursing Risk Reductin Stategies to Prevent Medical Errors Research Paper

Professional Nursing Risk Reductin Stategies to Prevent Medical Errors - Research Paper Example However, the two goals are faced by several challenges which inhibit validity of the goals. Home care is one of the major goals of NSGP and is very vital in reducing medical errors. First, home care help improve the accuracy in identifying patients. During identification process, one has to accomplish some actions that will reduce errors in administering medication. For instance, one has to use not less than two patient identifiers during the specimen collection process and should label containers with the specimen in the presence of the patient. When one ensures that these actions are accomplished, home care can easily be realized. Thereby, the initial visit recommends that the caregiver or the patient state the correct date of birth and name of the patient. This will help in getting the correct address and one can give an alternative address. In case the patient is well known to the clinician, confirmed address and facial recognition are the acceptable identifiers (Coburn et al, 20 04). In practice setting, medical errors are common in different stages of treatment and diagnosis. Furthermore, home care goal is essential as it maintains and communicates accurate patient medication details. The goal has been lagging behind in our daily setting as one has to update or obtain medication information, define the various types of medication details which are to be collected and compare and contrast medication which has been taken with order to resolve discrepancies. The goal also features the provision of written medication details when the patient decides to leave the organization’s care. It also explains the significance of managing the medication details to the intended patient. Home care as NSGP goal is fostered in its implementation through several actions in reducing medical errors. First, the goal compares the ordered with the current medication and later clarifies discrepancies that may arise with the relevant physician. The goal also focuses on the re ference policies in its operation. Furthermore, all the medication details are recorded in the medical record. For instance, when a patient is discharged, a current list of medication details is printed from the PSL and handed over to the patient (Belllows et al, 2005). In addition, a letter is attached which explains the importance of updating the list and availing it to the health care providers. Later, a copy of the current medical report is left in the home with instructions about the importance of updating the list. More so, home care goal is concerned with reducing the risk of administering health care and other infections. The care is mandated with setting goals on how to improve compliance, improve compliance that is based on the established goals and comply with the hand hygiene guidelines. The goal is considered realistic as it is implemented through the UMHHC policy that was set in 2003 on hand hygiene. It also provides paper towels and waterless soaps in the various fiel ds and controls its organization. Finally, it conducts the hand washing observation which is a compliance goal that is greater than 90 %. It also educates the staff members and presents data to UMHHC infection control services (Mann & Marcus, 2006). Home care aims at controlling the risk at which patients fall. It also assesses the risk that is incurred when patients fall. The goal implements the interventions based

Teaching Styles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Teaching Styles - Essay Example The teachers should indicate where the progress of every student is being made. Praise, when earned makes the student aware and feels his success. Constructive criticism may be needed where persistent errors are being made. 4. Independence. The learner's gradual independence from adults and their increasing sense of responsibility are positive indicators of good teaching. The degree of independence gained in a given period should eventually measure up with the maturity level of the student. 5. Remedial teaching. Good teaching is both diagnostic and remedial in many subjects. There are various standardized achievement and diagnostic tests to help teachers to identify specific errors and weaknesses of students. Teacher-made tests made on content of the subject matter also indicate where remedial teaching may be required. 7. Integration. Building upon previous knowledge and experiences acquired, new learning experiences will undoubtedly contribute to an integration of what has been completed into the new learning experiences. 8. Lesson planning. Learning units, lessons and activities for the day and even house-keeping must be well-planned. Daily activity should be thoughtfully planned indicating the detailed procedure and the time frame for each topic. The common strategies and techniques used in teaching are the following: 1.) lecture 2.) discussion 3.) question-and-answer 4.) lecture-demonstration 5.) problem strategy 6.) project method 7.) laboratory 8.) field trip 9.) group or team teaching and 10.) drill strategy or practice. Lecture Strategy. This is classified as an authoritative teaching procedure wherein the teacher teaches largely through exposition, either oral or written. While other authorities view the lecture strategy as traditional procedure, lecture is the most natural and practical way of imparting information. Its efficacy, however, depends upon who does the lecturing, what new information he has to impart, and how he presents it. Lecturing is most often considered as a suitable technique for large groups of listeners, although it may also be used with the small groups. If not properly delivered, lectures may be time-consuming. Even a good lecture may fail as a teaching procedure if the recipient-- the listeners-are not able to follow or to understand the facts presented. As used in higher education, lecture strategy is a teaching procedure which involves clarification, exposition, and description of some major ideas that have been cast into the form of questions. The fundamental aim of lecture is to develop the act of listening and to develop creative thinking and reasoning. It is therefore, recommended that, for the lecture to be effective and productive, it must be interesting, well-expresses, concise, well-organized and adapted to the abilities and experiences of the listeners. Lecture fits into the classroom activities where it is needed to supplement the textbook, classroom discussion, student report, and individual study. A lecture may be either formal or

Element of international business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Element of international business - Essay Example xcess money, so much so that inflation rate soared to 200%.2 In 1989, prices were galloping at the rate of 5,000 per cent a year, prices were being adapted almost daily, and panic-stricken people were getting rid of their currency as though it was scalding them.3 Carlos Menem, who became president of Argentina in 1989 tried to rectify matters by cutting red tape in a determined effort to rejuvenate industrial development, liberalising trade, throwing open state run enterprises to privatisation.4 Privatisation witnessed Argentina disposing off, what Argentines now remorsefully refer to â€Å"las joyas de miabuela† (grandmother’s jewels): Vivendi of France won the privatised water sector, while U.S giants Enron and Fleet were successfully allocated the gas and banking sectors respectively.5 Menem’s ambitious plans did not succeed even after giving it time until March 1991, mainly due to apprehensions over the amount of state deficits.6 The first incident occurred on April 1991. Due to the strong recommendations of Carlos Menem and Minister of Economy Domingo Cavallo, the Argentine Congress passed the Convertibility Law, officially adopting a currency board.8 This move ensured that the peso and the U.S. dollar both circulated freely and in conformity with the law at a 1-to-1 exchange rate.9 In a bid to prevent the government from printing excessive money, the total currency flowing inside the country was rigorously indexed to the number of dollars in the custody of the central bank. The currency board succeeded in bringing back public confidence in the economic system. Secure in the confidence that their monetary possessions (assets, savings and investments) could be converted into U.S dollars at a one-to-one rate, the peso began to be used freely and without apprehension by both Argentines as well as foreigners working in Argentina.10 The second incident took place in May 1995. Carlos Menem, one of the architects of the currency board, was re-elected as

Compare the psychological internalization of character in Aeschylus Essay

Compare the psychological internalization of character in Aeschylus Shakespeare, and Austen - Essay Example He was a poet, a playwright and also a scriptwriter. He is also known as the England’s national poet and the â€Å"Bard of Avon†. Moving on, around the world we have another famous world of literature, the Greek history. No doubt the ancient Greek civilization has been one of the most fascinating and wonderful of all the civilizations. And for this, we must be thankful to the ancient Greek writers. One of the most renowned Greek legends is Aeschylus. He was a Greek playwright and is called the father of tragedy. Hamlet’s father, the king, gets murdered by his own brother. To his astonishment his mother marries his uncle, the killer of her husband and his father. Then he is followed by his father’s ghost who cries out for vengeance. However, the Prince is in a dilemma. He has to figure out how to deal with his uncle who kills his father to become the king and goes ahead within a very short period of time to marry his mother. It is a clear indication of how people can be pretenders and harmful. At the same time it calls for a good analysis of the people around. Then there is a kingdom lynching in between, and there is no one who could be trusted. Thus all of the relations and emotions: Family, politics, blood lust, betrayal, mystery, friendship and love – each plays a role in Shakespeares great tragedy, "Hamlet". Through Hamlet Shakespeare represents a man at his most destructive. Hamlet by far is one of Shakespeares greatest works, and is pretty much considered to be the pinnacle of Shakespeare’s literary power. Also, Emma is considered to be Austen’s favorite character. Just like herself, Emma is a domineering, intrusive, complacent, snob of a juvenile woman who attempts to state the lives of all her peers and family members. But even with her flaws, or maybe because of them, Emma happens to be one of Austen’s most adored heroines. Through Emma, Austen expresses her analyses of 19th century England’s intricate and

ETHICS (Response to a Case Study Dilemma in an Information & Essay

ETHICS (Response to a Case Study Dilemma in an Information & Technology Organisation) - Essay Example And as, organizations requires order, and as, every organization faces its own ethical problems, having a well-defined code of ethics is more than important to safeguard the organization against unethical practices detrimental to the organization’s reputation and services (Heermance 1). This is so because code of ethics set the tone for the expected company’s behavior as, â€Å"it outlines uniform policies, standards and punishments for violations† (Pride, Hughes, & Kapoor 45), thereby guiding organizations in dealing with and judging â€Å"situations not specifically covered in written instructions† (Canton 13). These make code of ethics more than important to the organization as it ensures order in and secures the organization. In business, not all gifts are pleasant and safe to receive as, these can be sources of ethical issues, specifically conflict of interest – â€Å"occurs when a person’s or organization’s obligation to act in the interest of another is interested with by a competing interest that may obstruct the fulfillment of that obligation† (Crane & Matten 366) as illustrated in the case under review. Here, the stakeholders – the owner of a small printing business unexpectedly received a parcel containing 12 bottles of expensive scotch whisky in the mail from the manager of the business’s biggest contract delivery company, two weeks before New Year, yet a few weeks before the expiration of their contract. First, although gift giving is generally an act of goodwill, it is also a bribe. In this case, factors drawing the line between goodwill and bribe such as the relationship of the giver to the receiver, the timing, the costs, and the manner of delivery, i ndicate that the gift is meant to gain (Roa 106) the owner’s choice of Delivery Company in favor of the gift-giver as against other applicants. In this light, acceptance of this gift

Made In Chelsea Analysis of an episode Essay Example for Free

Made In Chelsea Analysis of an episode Essay From the episode of Made In Chelsea I watched, I can say that the representations we have of upwardly mobile young city dwellers are that they are social-oriented, whose lives seem to be some care-free that they can cavort around various places in London—and the world—without any problems. We also only see characters of a certain age range—none are, we assume, above the age of thirty—of which the majority have no jobs or business, leading us to believe that they come from families of ‘old money’, and so having a job themselves would seem rather pointless. Saying that, there are a few characters who do possess their own business or thereabouts. However, our perceptions of the characters are very one sided, as we are constricted to seeing only one side of that character—the one that fits their current storyline the best. This prevents us from seeing, per se, the kind heartedness of a character that has just cheated on their partner. The words ‘characters’ and ‘storylines’ fit well with my next point; the conversations and the events that take place throughout the episode seem far too rehearsed and coincidental for them to be actual ‘reality’. Location shots are used of London sights and attractions to establish the setting of the scene. They also are only of Central London attractions, and the shops and restaurants et al all seem to highlight the wealth of the individuals who shop there, eat there etc. Reactions, for the majority of the show, are shown using over-the-shoulder shots to portray the reaction of the person who is being told something. There is also usage of eye line matching shots that show you what the character may have been looking at from their angle. The episode seems to comprise of short segments that have then been edited in post production so that they can seek out the most entertaining of segments. This is obvious as the episode transitions from one group of people at a restaurant to a boxing arena and then back to the restaurant again. Tzvetan Torodov’s narrative theory that conventional narratives are structured into five stages; Equilibrium—disruption—recognition—repair—reinstatement, could be present within the episode, as you can apply it to the situation between Louis, Spencer and Jamie (the love triangle storyline). The fact that it fits so well with Torodov’s theory does support the question â€Å"How much of Made In Chelsea is actually reality?†

Joyces Use Of The Stream Of Consciousness English Literature Essay

Joyces Use Of The Stream Of Consciousness English Literature Essay In the modernist era of English Literature many writers brought new writing techniques to the table. One as such was stream of consciousness. In this essay I aim to discuss this technique in relation to James Joyces Ulysses. This essay will explain the term itself and its effects on the reader as well as how it aids the reader of Ulysses. Stream of consciousness is a literary term which is used to describe a writing technique which was coined in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It has been used by modernist authors such as Virginia Woolf and James Joyce. It is a way that the author can get a particular characters point of view across to the reader via their thoughts. This can be done in several ways such as by a loose monologue or as part of their actions. It is a way for important character traits to be portrayed from the inside. It helps the author make it seem to the readers like they are eavesdropping on what is going in the characters mind and seeing their intimate thoughts. In a text to portray stream of consciousness the writing should be neither entirely verbal nor entirely textual. It shows the inner lives of these fictional characters, whether real or imaginary. As Robert Humphrey states it is used to make the reader feel he is in direct contact with the life represented in the book (15). Ulysses is a novel written by James Joyce in 1918. It is one of the most known works of literature from the modernist era. The book is also known for its connections to Homers Odyssey. Some of the characters in Ulysses appear to have their own connections to Homers work, for example there are Leopold Bloom to Odysseus and Molly to Penelope. Ulysses is deemed as one of Joyces greatest achievements and novels, yet it can barely be seen as a novel or proper form of writing. The entirety of the story within Ulysses all takes place throughout one day, the sixteenth of June 1904. During the day mentioned the central characters of Stephen Dedalus and Leopold Bloom explore various events and goings-on in Dublin such as a newspaper office or public houses. Near the beginning of the book Stephen teaches in a school and then he gives a presentation in a National library, throughout the day the story hops around Dublin and it is given mainly from both Blooms view and Stephens view, this is until at the end of the book Molly Bloom finally gets to talk for herself. Throughout the novel the reader never actually gets to hear from Molly Bloom we only get to hear other peoples interpretations of her and of what she does or does not do. She is seen through the interactions she has with Stephen Dedalus and her husband Leopold Bloom. This writing technique that Joyce uses leaves it very hard for the reader to asses the character of Molly and to make up their minds as to whether they like her character or not. This means that in order to fully understand Molly Bloom the reader needs to re-evaluate what they already know of her from Leopold Bloom and put it with what they learn from the eighteenth chapter of the book, Penelope, Mollys soliloquy. One could look at her and simply think of the vulgar parts of her we see in the novel and the physicality that we are shown in her monologue, or one could see her as a relatively out-going woman who has not been feeling loved fully for quite sometime and this also may make the reader re-evaluate Leopold Bloom a s the partner that was unfaithful in his own ways and aided the thus aided the break-down of their marriage. Mollys character in the novel coincides with that of Penelope in Homers Odyssey. They do have differences which must be noted. Penelope is eternally faithful, whereas Molly Bloom is not; she has an affair with Hugh Boylan after years of celibacy in her marriage. In the book it appears that Molly has arranged her life around men and has very few male friends. She enjoys being womanly and being looked at with admiration, even if she doesnt have a very high opinion of the man in question. However beneath al of that she does seem to have a great sense of the truth and this aligns her character with that of Stephen Dedalus. Both of these characters manage to set story-telling and mimicry into their passages and their sense of having roles. It is this which in turn will help Molly to mend in part her relationship with her husband Bloom while looking at the past in the final stages of Ulysses. In the novel James Joyce lets the reader get a proper look at the character of Molly and see her f or who she really is by using the technique of stream of consciousness in the novels last chapter, Penelope, known as Mollys soliloquy. Throughout the novel Molly Blooms character come across as contradictory and changed. She seems to come across very self-centred however she also comes across as being quite generous and considerate. The final chapter is compilation of the thoughts of Molly Bloom. Her monologue contains feelings and information that make the reader look back on their previous idea of Molly and her marriage. Mollys thoughts offer a new perspective to the reader. In the seventeenth chapter of the book Bloom gives a list in sorts of the infidelity of his wife Molly but then in Mollys thoughts this list seems to be fictional and she was not seemingly unfaithful half as much as Leopold tried to make out. From Mollys point of view it seems more like it has been Bloom who has been unfaithful to her more, and this calls his judgement of Molly into question. It is events like this where we see a contradiction in the book over Molly that the reader really gets something out of Joyces use of the stream of consc iousness technique. Getting to look into the thoughts of Molly Bloom help us to define what kind of character she is and the lives of the people around her as we see them from another side rather than just their own. The chapter in itself is formed through eight massive sentences with only two punctuations marks throughout, those being placed at the end of the fourth sentence and the end of the eight and last sentence. The episode both starts and finished with the word yes which Joyce has been know to affiliate with women characters and the ways and bodies of women. This is also noted by writers like Harry Blamires, in his book he says, the sphere has its macrocosmic significance in terms of the female body (233). In the final episode of Joyces novel he uses stream of consciousness which is also seen in the third chapter of his book. It describes the thoughts of Molly, wife of business man Leopold Bloom, as she lies in bed beside him. Through the eight sentences of the chapter Molly Bloom reminisces about a wide range of things, from her past romances and her childhood, to the birth of her daughter and her career. In Mollys second sentence she thinks back on her admirers from the past and present. Her affair with Boylan is especially predominant in this sentence as she has the afternoon just spent and also an upcoming trip to Belfast. It also made her think of the difference between Boylan and Bloom. In an ordinary novel the reader does not always get such a clear cut view of what a particular character is thinking. The way that Joyce writes the novel and the level of though we get from seeing into Mollys thoughts really make everything that much more extreme and definitive. We get to see what she thought of different situations and how she was, I went into 1 of them it was biting cold I couldnt keep it when was that 93 the canal was frozen yes it was a few months after (655). These words in the third sentence of her soliloquy let us see the way she felt at this time. It is different as in a lot of novels you would not usually see how a character feels, you would see that they put on a coat maybe and this would indicate that they were cold but by the stream of consciousness technique that Joyce uses we get to see more than that. In other sentences like her fourth and fifth ones, the reader gets to see into the past of Molly Bloom. As we can see into thoughts and she thinks back on memories of childhood and love letters it is easier for us to get a good picture of Molly and to understand her better as a person rather than as Leopold Blooms cheating wife. We get to see excitement in her character; an admirer he signed it I near jumped out of my skin I wanted to pick him up at the drill (660). The stream of consciousness technique that Joyce uses lets us in so that we dont just see what molly does we see what she thinks and what she was like before she got married. Her life in Gibraltar in the fourth sentence leads swiftly to her daughter and her relationship with her. From the way that Molly describes this in the latter half of the fourth sentence we get the impression that Milly is closer to her father than her mother. Gibraltar itself is mentioned more than once, it also is used in letting us into the past of her love life and the men whom she kissed in Gibraltar. This lets her mind wonder onto these men and how they are getting on at the moment, it also lets her think about what she would have been doing had she not married Leopold Bloom when she did, she wonders could she of been a star. In the seventh sentence Molly lets us into her thoughts about Stephen Dedalus, his son and how she wants him to think of her, she plans to read and make herself look better in the eyes of this man who she has met very little. She finds him smarter, in Blamires book he notes, He offers intelligence combined with sensitivity, glamour and youth (246). She does indeed seem to think of Stephen as more than just a friend and this leads her to the last sentence of the chapter. She wonders about Bloom and how he doesnt touch her, how their marriage is not very intimate and has not been for some time. She remembers her daughter who died at a very young age and this gets her state into a slightly depressing one. She thinks of what would happen if she were to wake Bloom up the next morning and tell him of the affair, she does not know if it would change their relationship for the better or for worse. The use of stream of consciousness by James Joyce in Ulysses shows the influence that memory has in providing the reader with new information. Throughout the Penelope episode, the reader is shown a lot of memories, and this is due to this technique. It is definitely convincing and effective, in that it aids the reader in understanding Molly and how she became who she is at the moment. Stream of Consciousness as a literary technique has not been used by an awful lot of authors, even in the modernist era when it was first noticed. James Joyce successfully portrays this technique and the attributes that come with it. Ones opinion of Molly most certainly may have changed in the reading of that last chapter as we get to see into her thoughts, the book itself, the other seventeen chapters, give us an opinion of Molly. It gave the reader a preconceived notion of her character and this was fixed and replaced by and actual idea of Molly from the stream of consciousness technique in the last c hapter. This essay has looked at stream of consciousness as a technique by itself, it has examined the character of Molly and it has combined the two in an analysis of the final chapter of Ulysses.

Evaluation Of Fountas And Pinnell Benchmark

Evaluation Of Fountas And Pinnell Benchmark The Fountas and Pinnell Benchmark Assessment System, created by Irene Fountas and Gay Su Pinnell, is designed to place students appropriately into a guided reading program, show the gains in student achievement, progress monitoring and identify students in need of intervention (those who are not meeting the districts proficiency levels). In short, it relates reading ability. The sub-contents addressed include: Word Analysis Skills, Reading Strategies, Comprehending Reading Materials, Literary Elements and Techniques and Literary Works. The test consists primarily of running records, in which the teacher records oral fluency, reading errors and self-correction ratios. In addition, it is followed by a retelling and comprehension conversation between the student and teacher. Finally a writing prompt (optional) is given to the student. In the setting where I am directly working with the Fountas and Pinnell Benchmark, we are requiring all students to complete the writing prompt. I have addressed the reason for the issue below in the evaluation portion. The test is administered in kindergarten through eighth grade at the end of each quarter. The assessment usually takes twenty to thirty minutes. This could take longer if more than one assessment is needed to find the appropriate benchmark level. Specific features of the Fountas and Pinnell Benchmark Assessment System allows you to determine your students independent and instructional reading levels, group students for reading instruction, select texts that will be produc tive for a students instruction, assess the outcomes of teaching, assess a new students reading level for independent reading and instruction, identify students who need intervention and extra help, document student progress across a school year and across grade levels, create class profiles and inform parents. (Heinemann, 2011) In addition to an accuracy percentage, reading rate, self-correction rate and fluency score, the assessment has a Comprehension Conversation that completes the assessment procedures. Students are required to read a text and to have this comprehension conversation, with specific prompts to obtain key understandings for three kinds of thinking- Thinking Within the Text (getting the literal meaning by processing words and stated ideas), Thinking Beyond the Text (getting the implied meaning and synthesizing information) and Thinking About the Text (responding to the authors craft). (Placeholder1) The content that is covered in the benchmark includes reading accuracy, reading comprehension, reading fluency and self-correction ratio. This is similar to the informal assessments being given to students through- out a literacy block in a reading workshop approach. This assessment can be used both formatively and summatively. It is a standardized, teacher-administered, one-on-one assessment; it is hand-scored by the teacher. The assessment should be administered by classroom teacher after they have been trained to administer the test. A video is provided to view for staff development or individual teacher viewing. This can help to ensure that the assessment is delivered in a standardized way. The BAS (Benchmark Assessment System) is based on research in language development, vocabulary expansion, reading acquisition, and reading difficulties. Five areas addressed by the National Reading Panel as fundamental to student success in literacy acquisition are assessed in the BAS. These are: phonological awareness, phonics, vocabulary, fluency, and comprehension. The assessment also addresses student motivation and interest in overall reading. According to the official field study document of the assessment: The field data were collected systematically and analyzed on an ongoing basis to determine the programs achievement of its objectives. Reports were developed and used as a basis for determining the soundness, complexities, and utility of the program. Due to the process incorporating ongoing feedback gathered by field-test examiners, the program authors and developers were able to make informed decisions regarding adjustments and refinements. At the conclusion of the field study, an independent data-analysis team was brought in to evaluate the programs reliability and validity. This formative research was conducted in two phases. Phase I of the study addressed research questions 1 and 2; Phase II addressed research question 3. Prior to the formative evaluation, an editorial process was used to establish the text leveling. Field testing included a total of 497 students spanning grades K-8. Field testing of System 1 included 252 students and System 2 included 245 students. School sites from which these students were drawn were socioeconomically, ethnically, and geographically diverse. The research goal was to identify typical students. Accordingly, students were selected on the basis of their ability to read and understand texts that were written approximately at grade level or above. Participants were also proficient speakers of English. Each field test examiner determined an individual students eligibility after discussing his or her reading profile with their respective teachers. Thirteen field-test examiners were selected. All field-test examiners were educators who had extensive training in administering running records and in using other forms of benchmark assessments to assess students reading levels. Field-test examiners were not affiliated with the field sites and therefore could be objective in both identifying students and in administering assessments. Prior to the beginning of the field testing, a two-day intensive training session led by the authors, guided the field-test examiners in the formative evaluations protocols and procedures. A total of 22 different schools participated in field testing of either System 1 or System 2 (some schools participated in both field tests). Field testing took place across the following geographic regions of the United States: Boston Metropolitan area 1 examiner; 1 school / Providence, Rhode Island 1 examiner; 2 schools / Houston Metropolitan area 2 examiners; 5 schools / Los Angeles area 4 examiners; 6 schools / Columbus, OH, area 3 examiners; 5 schools / Orlando, FL, area 2 examiners; 3 schools. (Field Study of Reliability and Validity of the Fountas and Pinnell Benchmark Assessment Systems 1 and 2). (Fountas and Pinnell, 2011, pp. 2-3) Assessment Appearance and Content The assessment includes two options of books for each level- System 1 (Grades K-2, Levels A-N) contains 28 Books (14 Fiction and 14 Nonfiction) and System 2 (Grades 3-8, Levels L-Z) contains 30 Books (15 Fiction and 15 Nonfiction). The Fountas and Pinnell levels gradient is a defined continuum of characteristics related to the level of support and challenges that a reader meets in a text. At each level (A to Z) texts are analyzed using ten characteristics: (1) genre/form; (2) text structure; (3) content; (4) themes and ideas; (5) language and literary features; (6) sentence complexity; (7) vocabulary; (8) word difficulty; (9) illustrations/graphics; and (10) book and print features. Texts are leveled using a highly reliable process in which teams of trained teachers, working independently and then through consensus, assign a level to books after analyzing them according to the ten factors. They are then analyzed by Fountas and Pinnell. The benchmark books were actually created to pre cisely match the gradient, and they were independently analyzed using the same process. (Heinemann, 2011) The Assessment Guide to the BAS describes the administration of the assessment as follows: The students appropriate reading level for the assessment to be administered is based in the students current guided reading level, or can be determined by a Where to Start word list that was developed by the authors to assist examiners in quickly placing a student at his or her appropriate reading level. Next, the administer is to assess the students ability to read and comprehend three levels of books. They are to determine one book that is easy the students independent reading level; one book that offered just enough difficult vocabulary and/or concepts to make the reading interesting and challenging , the students instructional reading level; and a third book that was too challenging the students hard reading level. Accuracy of reading guidelines, consistent with Fountas and Pinnells framework (2006b), is as follows: independent level (95-100 percent accuracy); instructional level (90-94 percent accuracy), and hard level (below 90 percent accuracy). (Fountas Pinnell, pp. 180- 181) The assessment should be given in the classroom or other familiar setting. A reasonably quiet and comfortable environment is necessary so that distractions do not interfere with the assessment. All materials should be ready to go accessible to the teacher, so that the assessment may run smoothly with few distractions. If the student seems to be getting frustrated after reading one or two texts, it may be necessary to stop the assessment and begin at a later time. Each of the areas assessed relates to the content and sub-content (in various levels) taught to kindergarten through eighth grade students during their literacy block. The BAS lets the administrator think about, assess and identify a variety of different skills and strategies the reader may have strengths or deficits in. It is designed to measure progress in each of the sub-skills in a way that informs instruction. It is linked to a continuum of observable behaviors to assess and teach for at every level. (Heinemann, 2011) Each teacher in grades kindergarten through eighth grade has a copy of the continuum. The assessment format is similar to the informal assessments (running records and conferring with readers) used in the classroom. These informal assessments are used periodically throughout the quarter. The Fountas and Pinnell Benchmark Assessment System does require a more in-depth conversation than traditional classroom conferences. The students fluency level is also assessed using the following criteria: Readers phrase or group words, through intonation, stress, and pauses. They emphasize the beginnings and endings of phrases by the rising and falling of pitch or by pausing. Students adhere to the authors syntax or sentence structure, reflecting their comprehension. Readers are expressive; their reading reflects feeling, anticipation, and character development. Once a students instructional reading level is determined, the student is engaged in a comprehension conversation about that particular book. If students are unresponsive or give an incomplete response, educators may prompt them according to a predetermined set of questions. Next, the teacher rates the students understanding of a text using the Fountas and Pinnell comprehension guidelines. The areas are rated on a scale from 0-3: Thinking within the text, thinking beyond the text and thinking about the text. Evaluating the Fountas and Pinnell Benchmark Assessment System A review of the benchmark assessment shows no bias towards individuals or groups based on race, ethnicity, gender or disabilities. Students with disabilities are given the assessment that aligns with their individual progress along the literacy continuum and text gradient for the reader. At times, when the fluency level is timed, an educator may note on the side specific speech issues. All other accommodations as mandated by their IEPs are allowed. The assessment is used to determine reading ability, therefore, students with IEPs requiring that test be read for certain circumstance are not allowed this accommodation for the benchmark. The wording and content of the benchmark assessment is predominately age and grade appropriate. However, for students reading extremely below their age or grade level peers, the text may seem immature for their age. The gradient levels of difficulty of the text chosen for the assessment were carefully thought out and field tested. I feel the content validity of the Fountas and Pinnell Benchmark Assessment System can be improved by adding a more rigorous requirement in the writing about reading area. I do not feel that one prompt adequately show how a student can write about reading. In addition, I feel that as students move into the older grades, that comprehension should be judged more on the students writing about the text than a comprehension conversation. One other area of the assessment could be improved. There are only two books, one fiction and one nonfiction, at each level. This does not give educators much room for error or special education teachers room to reassess at a similar level, identifying strengths in a particular sub-content and not just text level gradient. There is at least one item per target, with some items having more than one item per target. Some of the sub-content areas did not have a target for each taxonomy level, but with further investigation (into the upper grade Benchmark Assessment, possibly) it would most likely cover each taxonomy level. In addition, each item does belong on the assessment and relates to a specific sub-content area/taxonomy level. The Illinois Reading Standards addressed include: 1.A.1b Comprehend unfamiliar words using context clues and prior knowledge; verify meanings with resource materials, 1.B.1c Continuously check and clarify for understanding (e.g., reread, read ahead, use visual and context clues, ask questions, retell, use meaningful substitutions), 1.B.2d Read age-appropriate material aloud with fluency and accuracy, 1.C.2b Make and support inferences and form interpretations about main themes and topics, 1.C.2d Summarize and make generalizations from content and relate to purpose of material, 1.C.2e Explain how authors and illustrators use text and art to express their ideas (e.g., points of view, design hues, metaphor), 1.C.1f Use information presented in simple tables, maps and charts to form an interpretation, 2.A.2b Describe how literary elements (e.g., theme, character, setting, plot, tone, conflict) are used in literature to create meaning and 2.B.1a Respond to literary materials by connecting them to their own experience and communicate those responses to others. Classroom Assessment Blueprint and Learning Targets The classroom assessment blueprint and the list of learning targets appear below. Assessment items and the number of the associated learning target are included in the blueprint. Remembering Understanding Applying Analyzing Evaluating Creating Total Targets Word Analysis Skills 1. Identify the meaning of unfamiliar words using prior knowledge 2. Discover the meaning of unfamiliar words using context clues. 22. Monitors own understanding and accuracy. 20. Constructs literal meaning of the text through solving words. 4 Reading Strategies 4. Reads primarily in larger, meaningful phrases or word groups. 23. Predicts information about the text. 5. Demonstrates fluency by reading using mostly smooth, expressive interpretation and pausing guided by authors meaning and punctuation. 3. Assess and clarify for understanding (e.g., reread, read ahead, use visual and context clues, ask questions, retell, and use meaningful substitutions). 4 Comprehend Reading Materials 6. Recall ideas by reference to details in the text. 18. Identify the main ideas and supporting details of a story or fiction passage. 9. Summarize a story or non-fiction passage. 19. Demonstrate excellent understanding of the text through summarizing. (Includes almost all important information and main ideas.) 10. Demonstrate understanding of characters in a story or non-fiction passage (i.e. through retell). 11. Identify connections with prior knowledge or personal experiences. 25. Infers what is implied but not stated in the text. 22. Monitors own understanding and accuracy. ** Two places** 17. Tell the main idea of a non-fiction paragraph. 27. Write a response about the reading (from given prompt). 10 Literary Elements and Techniques 7. Define setting in a story or fiction passage. 8. Recall sequence of events. 12. Summarize the major events in a narrative. 29. Demonstrate an understanding of the craft and structure of a text (literary language, story structure, perspective, etc.). 16. Distinguish elements of the authors craft. 30. Support knowledge and ideas (and act on them) to include ones thinking by writing in response to text 15. Construct chronological sequence of events after reading a story or fiction passage. 7 Literary Works 24. Identify key details when summarizing a story or non-fiction passage. 28. Remember and report key ideas and details from texts, including understanding characters. 13. Point out the authors purpose. 14. Interpret how the authors purpose affects the interpretation of the reading selection. 26. Tells new information by synthesizing and changing own ideas. 5 Learning Targets Students will be able to: 1. Identify the meaning of unfamiliar words using prior knowledge. 2. Discover the meaning of unfamiliar words using context clues. 3. Assess and clarify for understanding (e.g., reread, read ahead, use visual and context clues, ask questions, retell, and use meaningful substitutions). 4. Reads primarily in larger, meaningful phrases or word groups. 5. Demonstrates fluency by reading using mostly smooth, expressive interpretation and pausing guided by authors meaning and punctuation. 6. Recall ideas by reference to details in the text. 7. Define setting in a story or fiction passage. 8. Recall sequence of events. 9. Summarize a story or non-fiction passage. 10. Demonstrate understanding of characters in a story or non-fiction passage (i.e. through retell). 11. Identify connections with prior knowledge or personal experiences. 12. Summarize the major events in a narrative. 13. Point out the authors purpose. 14. Interpret how the authors purpose affects the interpretation of the reading selection. 15. Construct chronological sequence of events after reading a story or fiction passage. 16. Distinguish elements of the authors craft. 17. Tell the main idea of a non-fiction paragraph. 18. Identify the main ideas and supporting details of a story or fiction passage. 19. Demonstrate excellent understanding of the text through summarizing. (Includes almost all important information and main ideas.) 20. Constructs literal meaning of the text through solving words. 22. Monitors own understanding and accuracy. 23. Predicts information about the text. 24. Identify key details when summarizing a story or non-fiction passage. 25. Infers what is implied but not stated in the text. 26. Tells new information by synthesizing and changing own ideas. 27. Write a response about the reading (from given prompt). 28. Remember and report key ideas and details from texts, including understanding characters. 29. Demonstrate an understanding of the craft and structure of a text (literary language, story structure, perspective, etc.). 30. Support knowledge and ideas (and act on them) to include ones thinking by writing in response to text.

American Airlines Competitive Strategy Essay -- essays research papers

Evaluate American’s 1992 announcement of a new rate structure: a. What changes did American make? American Airlines (American) made four fundamental changes to its rates. First, it moved to a four-tier rate structure; American offered first-class rates and three tiers of coach: full-fare, 21-day advance purchase and 7-day advance purchase. Overall, it expected to reduce coach fares by 38% and first-class fares by 20% to 50%. Though full fare coach prices dropped by about 38%, advance-purchase fares dropped by 6% when compared to the advance purchase tickets already being offered. Through this fare structure, American also eliminated deep discount tickets. Second, American eliminated the negotiated discount contracts of many large companies. Though it intended to fulfill any outstanding contracts, it did not intend to renew any of these contracts. Third, American realigned its pricing with its costs. Under the new structure, American fares were more distance based (therefore cost-based) than they had been in the past. Finally, American changed its non-refundable policy. Advance pu rchase tickets could now be rescheduled for a $25 processing fee. b. Which customers benefited most from the move? Were any customers made worse off? There are five groups of customers that are affected by the rate changes. Travel agents are affected financially by reduced fares that will result in reduced commissions. On the other hand, American’s four-tier structure substantially reduced the numb...

Analysis of Paul’s Case by Willa Cather Essay examples -- Analysis of

According to many readers of Paul’s Case, this is a short story that shows affection, passion, and most of all enthusiasm. Willa Cather seems to base her stories off of daily life and events that she thought progressed in many lives. Her passion for writing showed in her literature giving a visualization on what people think doesn’t occur in the regular life of a person. Also throughout Willa Cather’s short stories she gave examples upon her childhood and her time spent in a small town she grew up in. Giving her the brilliancy and the ambition to become a writer of short stories which included, Paul’s Case. Themes are represented in all short stories in Paul’s Case, Cather shows the readers a young boy being brought up in a hostile environment whose only dream is to one day pursuiting more than what he came from to make his life better. In Paul's Case by Willa Cather, a boy by the name Paul is the protagonist of the story. Paul is a roundcharacter, but not only does Paul show different personalities Paul seems to change his feelings throughout the story in many different situations. In the meeting in the beginning of the story Paul shows a careless attitude towards being entered in school after returning from suspension."His teachers felt this afternoon that his whole attitude was symbolized by his shrug of his shoulders" (Cather 1). Although shows this trait throughout the entire story along with similar actions, this makes him look like a disobedient student and shows his careless attitude towards the situation that he is in. Throughout the story Willa Cather portrays Paul as a different character from the beginning of the story, to the middle until the end. After returning to school Paul headed off to his job which wa... ... ending. Many elements would have to deal with this fatal ending if it was from Paul’s selfishness, carelessness, ignorance or selfishness no one should have to endure the pain that was caused upon Paul throughout the entire story â€Å"Although Paul’s Case was a story of a ill behavior child it is still known to be some of Will Cather’s work† (David 1). Even though the story ends with an crashing it still gives examples of other human life, asking you to put your foot in others shoes. Work Cited Paul’s Case.† Short Stories for Students. Ed. Kathleen Wilson. Vol. 2. Detroit: Gale. Web. 11 Jan. 2015. â€Å"Critical Overview: â€Å"Paul’s Case†.† EXPLORING Short Stories. Detroit: Gale, 2003. Student Resource Center – Gold. Gale. Web. 11 Jan. 2015. David, Carpete. â€Å"Paul’s Case.† Short Stories for Students. Ed. Kathleen Wilson. Vol. 2. Detroit: Gale. Web. 11 Jan. 2015.

Does a light Bulb Obey Ohm’s law? Essay

Does a Light Bulb Obey Ohm’s Law? Obtaining Table of Results Voltage 1 Current 1 Voltage 2 Current 2 Average Voltage Average Current Average ResistanceAnalysis After conducting my experiment and analysing my results I have found that a light bulb does not obey ohm’s law, it is a non-ohmic conductor. From the graph obtained from the results it is clearly shown how ohm’s law doesn’t apply to the light bulb. The graph clearly shows that the current is not proportional to the voltage. The graph shows that as the voltage increased the increase in current was reduced. i. e. when the potential difference was 4 volts the current increased by 0. 34 amps, when the potential difference was 8 volts the current increased by 0. 22 amps. The results can be explained using science. Variables The variables in the experiment Independent variable I altered this variable. Voltage Controlled Variables   Length of wire   Cross sectional area of wire Wire Material   Light Bulb Fair Test Controlled Variables For the interest of a fair test and accurate results, these controlled variable will be maintained and kept constant for each voltage, as they can affect the rate of reaction   Length of wire. The longer the wire, the further the electrons have to travel, so the more the resistance. The shorter the wire the less the electrons have to travel so the less the resistance   Cross sectional area of wire. The larger the cross section of a wire, the less struggle for electrons to go past, the lower the resistance. The smaller the cross section of a wire, the more struggle for electrons to go past, the greater the resistance Wire Material. Different materials conduct electricity in different ways, the better the conductor, the less the resistance. The worse the conductor, the more resistance.   The same light bulb, which had the same tungsten filament. Ohm’s law does not apply to circuits where there are temperature changes. The variable, temperature, meant that ohm’s law could not be applied to the light bulb. It is the light bulb itself that emits the heat. It’s source is the tungsten filament, as when electrons try to pass through the tungsten filament they collide with the tungsten atoms which induce heat and increase the atoms’ vibration, which leads to further collisions and leads to more light heat and of course resistance. The result supports my Hypothesis. Evaluation I believe the investigation was successful as the results produced agree with scientific knowledge. In the Ohm’s Law coursework I investigated whether or not a light bulb obeyed ohm’s law. In the experiment we progressively increased the potential difference to see how it affected the current flowing through a light bulb. The experiment was carried out accurately in many ways. All variables, other that voltage, the independent variable and temperature, were kept at a constant. The results were handled with accuracy. The results were plotted on a graph. A line of best fit was put on each result which meant the results are very accurate, rather than being rounded. The method in which the Ohm’s Law investigation was carried out is sufficient enough to support a firm conclusion, this is because: All variable, which effect resistance, were controlled and maintained. With the exception of, voltage, the independent variable and temperature, all were kept constant. For the interest of a fair test and accurate results, these controlled variable will be maintained and kept constant for each voltage, as they can affect the rate of reaction   Length of wire. The longer the wire, the further the electrons have to travel, so the more the resistance. The shorter the wire the less the electrons have to travel so the less the resistance Cross sectional area of wire. The larger the cross section of a wire, the less struggle for electrons to go past, the lower the resistance. The smaller the cross section of a wire, the more struggle for electrons to go past, the greater the resistance   Wire Material. Different materials conduct electricity in different ways, the better the conductor, the less the resistance. The worse the conductor, the more resistance.   The same light bulb, which had the same tungsten filament. Voltage was supplied with an accurate variable d. c. supply. Current was measured using an accurate ammeter and voltage was measured with an accurate voltmeter. For further accuracy I conducted the experiment twice so I could work out the average. Both times the results were expected and were very similar. Therefore I believe that this investigation has sufficient evidence to support a conclusion that a bulb does not obey ohms law. A bulb is a non ohmic conductor. If I were to repeat the investigation I would improve it by   Using other conductors like lasers. Made the length of the wire into a an independent variable   Made the cross section area of the wire into an independent variable Made the material of the wire into an independent variable. Made the type of bulb into an independent variable Although I believe my investigation to be a success I believe if I were to make the improvements I said, I would have reliable results with an even stronger conclusion as a wider range of information would have been taken into account Ohm’s Law 1 Stepney Green School 10548 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Electricity and Magnetism section. Download this essay Print Save Not the one?

Kondracke and Vidal Evaluation Essay

In the article, â€Å"Don’t Legalize Drugs† by Morton M. Kondracke, writes on the pros and cons of the legalization of drugs in a convincing way to help the reader understand the ultimate downfall of our society if the legalization of drugs does come into effect. His convincing tone is brought together by his logical, outside resources, and predictions from credible doctors. His use of pathos also helps the reader have a deeper understanding of the serious problems of legalizing drugs. As Kondracke states in the beginning, â€Å"†¦ if the advocates of legalized drugs do have their way†¦there will also be more unpublicized fatal and maiming crashes, more job accidents, more child neglect, more of almost everything associated with substance abuse: babies born addicted or retarded..† hoping to touch the hearts of the many. Kondracke uses outside resources such as Dr. Robert DuPont who is the former director of the National Institutes of Drug Abuse and his predictions to help further his argument and give credibility. Not only does he share with the reader outside sources and studies, but he mentions many examples by comparing the predictions of legalizing drugs and the actual result of alcohol in America and what effects it would have on our society if alcohol has already done so much to change America. The only real flaw I see with this article is that it is old and much in our society has changed. In the article, â€Å"Drugs: Case for Legalizing Marijuana† by Gore Vidal, his case for the legalization of marijuana is not quite convincing enough to even call it a case. Nothing in his article seems to be believable because he uses no real statistics except for his own when he says, â€Å"†¦I have tried—once—almost every drug and liked none disproving the popular Fu Manchu theory that a single whiff of opium will enslave the mind.† which doesn’t help his case at all seeing that he could have made up that side story on the spot. Not only does he share no real believable evidence, but the article is also over forty years old and things have definitely changed. The seriousness of this article is not well developed enough which gives the reader more of a laugh than deep thinking reasoning.

Audit Working Paper Checklist

AUDIT WORKING PAPER CHECK LIST 1. Appointment Letter 2. Management Representation 3. Cash Certificate 4. Final Trial Balance 5. Draft Financial Statements. 6. Bank Reconciliation and Bank Statements at the year end and month following the balance sheet date. 7. Photocopy of Challan for Deposit of Statutory Dues outstanding at the year end. 8. Photocopies Challan for deposit of Labour Dues. 9. Evidence for Exchange rate adopted for translation at the close of the year. 10. Photocopy of Bills evidencing additions to Fixed Assets with ledger prints outs. 1. Quantitative details of Raw material Work in progress and Finished Goods stock and certificate of Physical verification and stock on hand. 12. Ledger print out of inventory quantities at year end. 13. Excise Duty rates of finished goods adopted for valuation of stock. 14. Photocopy of TDS returns with annexure 15. Photocopy of Excise return with annexure 16. Photocopy of Service Tax Return. 17. Photocopy of Advance Tax /FBT Challan/T DS Certificates 18. Confirmation of Loans Outstanding. 19. Confirmations – Debtors Creditors advances. 0. Ledger print of unsecured loans. 21. Ledger print out of ESI/PF recoveries and deposits. 22. Certificate of Actuarial Valuations for retirement and long term benefit provisions. 23. Ledger print of Cenvat credits. 24. Reconciliation of Excise/ Cenvat as per Excise and Financial records. 25. Worksheet for valuation of raw and finished stock. With photocopy of last bills if on FIFO Basis 26. In case of working capital limits copies loan sanction letters 27. Evidence for payment of Bonus out standing. 8. Details of Provisions made at the year end with copies of bills 29. Photocopies of Fixed deposit receipts outstanding. 30. Note on reasons for significant variation in Income and Expense head wise. 31. Details of Foreign currency Asset and Liabilites 32. Details of Forward contracts in foreign currency outstanding 33. Details any offices opened out of India In case of Corpor ate Entities following additional Documents required 1. Copy of resolution for increase in authorized capital if any. 2.Copy forms filed for increase in authorized capital. 3. Copy of return of allotment in case increase in paid up share capital. 4. In case of working capital limits copies loan sanction letter and copy of form 8 & 13 5. Certificate as to occurrences of any fraud during the year. 6. Photocopy of Advance Tax /FBT /Dividend Tax /wealth tax challan/TDS Certificates 7. Copy of annual return filed under companies Act. 8. Confirmation as to change in shareholding as on date of balance sheet in relation to previous year 9.List of debtors with debtors outstanding for more than six months. 10. List of related party with details of transaction 11. Copy of Actuarial Valuation report with details of assumptions. 12. Quantitative details of Purchase sale and stock as per schedule VI 13. Expenditure and Income in Foreign Currency 14. Details of Managerial Remuneration. 15. Details of Payment made to Auditors 16. Details of Book value and market Values in case of investments 17. Audited Balance sheet and report of Subsidiary associates and Joint venture companies.

Goodbye, Superboy: a Fond Farewell to the Last Romantic Essay

MANILA, August 21, 2003 (STAR) BY THE WAY By Max V. Soliven – Much has been written about Ninoy Aquino, whose name needs no introduction to many of our readers. Commuters pass by his statue daily on Ayala Avenue in Makati’s Golden Mile, and another monument to him in Manila. But monuments and statues, and glowing encomiums do not a hero make. But my thesis is that today, Ninoy is a forgotten hero. There was so much hype in the first halcyon years after the overthrow of the tyrant Ferdinand E. Marcos, and too many silly celebrations, with excessive hoopla, of each succeeding anniversary of the EDSA â€Å"people power† revolution (and then an EDSA II, and, sanamagan, even an EDSA III so-called) that the man whose heroism and sacrifice inspired not merely the first people power barricades, but a national upsurge I prefer to call â€Å"The Spirit of 1986† has been forgotten. These days, in fact, the Filipino spirit has been dampened, our self-confidence crushe d under the weight of each revealed inequity, and tales of resurgent corruption, graft, vaulting ambition — plus the disgraceful debacle of a contrived escape of the Jemaah Islamiyah mad-bomber, Fathur Rohman al-Ghozi, from police â€Å"prison.† This is a time for us to remember a man who believed the Filipino was â€Å"worth dying for,† and from him gather the renewed resolve that the Filipino is worth living for, as well. But let us not sound maudlin. Ninoy would have laughed at such sticky sentimentality. When he was sent by the old Manila Times to cover the Korean War (the 50th anniversary of whose conclusion was just commemorated some weeks ago) he was 17, the youngest correspondent of them all. The Time’s editors Dave Boguslav and Joe Bautista had spotted that gung ho quality in Aquino that was to rocket him to fame — and, in the end, impel him remorselessly to his final rendezvous with treachery at the Manila International Airport. Ninoy was a hard-nosed newspaperman, and what set him apart from so many others was precisely his nose for the news. He had an eidetic memory for facts, figures and detail. â€Å"You get the facts,† Dave Boguslav told him when he sent him off to war, â€Å"and I ’ll take care of the grammar.† Ninoy delivered — and a star reporter was born. Ninoy paid his dues as newsman. He took risks where others preferred to be prudent. For him life was a great adventure — and a short and glorious life better than a long and dull one. God granted him his wish. Everyone has already written a torrent of words about how Ninoy had been a Young Man in a Hurry. He became the youngest town mayor — just a shade underage; the youngest deputy governor, then governor, the youngest Senator (he almost topped the polls, coming in slightly behind late his comprobinsyano, Tarlac’s elder Sen. Jose J. Roy). If a free election had been held in 1973 (but martial law intervened and dashed that prospect), Ninoy — whose only rival in his own Liberal Party was the late Senate President Gerry Roxas — would almost certainly have been elected president. Aquino had that golden tongue to which every politician aspires, but with which only a few are gifted. It goes beyond rhetoric or eloquence on the entablado: a strange power to move hearts, provoke laughter, attract loyalty and affection, whip a crowd up to a frenzy and the fervor of a crusade, inspire hope in listeners miserably perched in the brink of despair. Ninoy was so eloquent in English, Tagalog, Kapampangan, and even Ilocano (his native Tarlac, after all, is a province of three dialects) that he was accused of glibness. He was dubbed â€Å"Superboy,† partly in admiration, party in derision. It took martial law and cruel imprisonment to make us realize that the Boy had become a Man. By a quirk of fate, I was assigned to be his cellmate in the maximum security compound of Fort Bonifacio when we were arrested as â€Å"subversives† in September 1972. Out of the 400 prisoners crammed into the Camp Crame gym, after we had been picked up between midnight and dawn, 11 of us were singled out by name and told by a colonel to step forward. Ninoy had nudged me cheerfully in the ribs and exclaimed in a stage whisper, â€Å"Eto na, eto na! Firing squad na tayo.† (This is it, this is it. We’re going to the Firing Squad). Yet, they didn’t shoot us. They trucked us instead to Fort Bonifacio, where they sent a military chaplain to hear our confessions — thus reinforcing our conviction that we were to be executed. Once more, we were disappointed. All throughout, it was Ninoy, who surely realized he was the number one target, Marcos’ favorite bete noir, the dictator’s pet nemesis, tried to cheer us all up. The days of captivity stretched into weeks, the weeks into months. Nobody who has never been in prison can understand what you suffer from is simply being caged — you suffer from the uncertainty of it all, and from boredom. You never know when your military jailors, who have the power of life and death over you, will drag you out and shoot you, at any hour of day or night. Afte r a while, the world outside becomes a memory — you begin to forget that there are streets with people and vehicles in them, and noise, and hustle and bustle, and bright colors and pretty girls. One gray day follows the other and you learn to live from one day to the next. Yet, I wasn’t bored, because I had Ninoy to entertain me. We talked, we read. We swapped ideas, jokes, argued ideologies. We dreamed dreams. We went jogging during the exercise hour and steeled ourselves to run a mile in seven minutes. It was then that I realized that Ninoy Aquino, for all his wit, his air of bright cynicism, and his veneer of tough political pragmatism, was an incurable romantic. He had visions of the Filipino rising up to overthrow any tyranny. He had pinned his hopes on the Filipino’s love of freedom and his will to resist either coercion or seduction. He had faith in the Filipino. At nightfall, the soldiers — many of them Ilocanos — would come to our barracks-prison and Ninoy would regale them with stories of the Korean War. Or the Vietnam War, which we had both covered. We would talk of the Huk campaign, which we also had covered. Ninoy’s spellbinding recollections were so mesmerizing that after a week or so I had warned him: â€Å"Watch out brod. You will soon be accused of conducting teach-ins. Those guards are beginning to like us too much.† Sure enough, after three weeks, we found a notice on our bulletin board. The guards had all been replaced. The notice said: â€Å"Our guests (yep, that’s what they called us at the â€Å"Bonifacio Hilton†) are requested not to talk to the guards who have been ordered not to talk to them.† â€Å"You see, you see,† I chided Ninoy. â€Å"Those poor fellows have been sent to the battlefront in Mindanao, just because they laughed at your jokes!† When this writer and the rest of us were released, Ninoy and the late Pepe Diokno were left behind, but in separate barracks. Ninoy spent seven years and seven months in solitary confinement. On the front page you’ll find a photograph of the two of us arm in arm with each other. This was taken when he was allowed home at last — under heavy guard — for a brief â€Å"Christmas leave† after seven years in jail. We hugged each other at the entrance of his Times Street home in Quezon City: â€Å"Max, Max,† he laughed. â€Å"How right you were. I thought I would be out in six months or a year because the people would demand for my freedom, but you were the one who told me to dig in for the long haul — I remember you said from five years to 10 years. But you know, prison has been good for me. I have had time to think, to read, to formulate my ideology, to find God. What is ambition? It’s nothing. I have put all ambition away — all we must fight for is for our people to be happy, and to be free.† We talked about proposing a formula for a return to free elections to Marcos. He had written Marcos a letter, he said, suggesting national reconciliation. Everybody knows the rest. Aquino, after his two-week furlough, went back to his lonely prison. He suffered a heart attack. Worried about international reaction, particularly the reproof of the American government (although President Ronald Reagan and Nancy were good friends of Macoy and Imelda) they let Ninoy go off to Texas, and exile, for an emergency heart operation. We warned him not to return. I told him, â€Å"They will kill you.† But on Aug. 21, 1983, a Sunday, he came home to die in his own country. In a last interview with Radio Veritas, Aquino had declared: â€Å"Kamatayan lamang ang makapipigil sa akin (Only death could stop me from coming home).† Most politicians bet on a sure thing. Ninoy gambled on the goodness and sense of decency of the Filipino. A pragmatist would have kept himself safely in the United States preserving his life â€Å"until a better day.† But Ninoy was a romantic who believed that promises must be kept, pledges must be redeemed, and death — if awaited him — must be faced in order to show the people that there are things more important than life. When he died, I penned an adieu entitled: â€Å"Goodbye, Superboy! A Fond Farewell to the Last Romantic.† Thus the title of this piece. Yet, I hope Ninoy was not the last romantic — for such romantics are what we desperately need in these painful days of harsh and bitter realities. Someone once said that it is far better to soar with the eagles, braving the hunter’s gun, than to scratch on the ground with the chickens. The hunter’s gun finally found Ninoy Aquino at the airport which now bears his name. His spirit was freed to soar among the stars. I am proud to have known him. To have been touched by him. To remember him now.

Mergers&Acquisitions (M&A) Simulation (1 page assignment) Assignment

Mergers&Acquisitions (M&A) Simulation (1 page ) - Assignment Example Active acquisition strategy enhances easy acquiring of companies (Ray, 2010, p.34). Private Limited Companies in United Kingdom are the potential acquirers of the client’s company. They include John Lewis Partnership, Stemcor private Company, McLaren Technology Group, Bakes Group, Arcadia Group, SCH Group, Monson Private Company, and Southern Water Company among others. These companies have various sectors that conform to the commodities of client’s technology business. John Lewis Partnership specializes in the retail sector. Its sales are 7,759 million pounds hence a possible acquirer of the client’s technology business (Brough, 2005, p.5). Mc Laren Technology Group specializes on television and consumer electronic industry, therefore, a potential buyer of client’s business technology. Besides, its sales are 554 million pounds. Bakes Group specializes in food industry. Arabica Group and Monsoon Company specialize in clothing industry, which relates to the same product offered by the technology business. Their sales are above 100 million pounds each hence convenient acquirers. The annual revenues of these companies are over 40 million pounds, and their gross margin is much higher than that of the client’s technology business. Therefore, they stand a better position of acquiring the technology business due to compatibility of their sectors and a strong financial base. Therefore, the above-illustrated UK companies are the most potential, possible and most interested in buying the client’s

WE 4 Response crj 520 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

WE 4 Response crj 520 - Essay Example That has never really worked as they might have wished (Miles, 2014). That is why today our American prisons are overcrowded and unstaffed. The prison system cannot be expected to improve until the minds of people are changed. Prison is not supposed to be a vacation spot, a recreational facility, or the next best thing to the local gym. It is supposed to be a place where people who have broken the law are sent to serve the time allotted as their punishment. As Scott discusses Probation and Parole Officers are the transition person between the time they have spent incarcerated and their reintroduction back into society. They make educated decisions about which parolees are in need of greater counseling, mental health, medical, or drug treatment and have a greater chance of committing another crime, as opposed to those who will likely never reoffend. However, the problem with prison’s today is the fact that you have hardcore, hardened, and dangerous criminals directly interacting with petty criminals, like shoplifters. When that shoplifter gets out he faces hard times instead of resorting to his petty crime skills, he may escalate his crime based on what he learned from other inmates in prison (Samen ow, 2010). This can have a dramatic effect and creates unpredictability in the equation. Miles, K. (2014, March 10). Just how much the war on drugs impacts our overcrowded prisons, in one chart. The Huffington Post, 1. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/03/10/war-on-drugs-prisons-infographic_n_4914884.html Samenow. (2011, April 9). Do prisons really make offenders worse?. Psychology Today, 1. Retrieved from

7 Habits Of Highly Effective People Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

7 Habits Of Highly Effective People - Assignment Example If you want to understand the other people better, you need to listen to them attentively and without a are other than just speaking all the time. Listening establishes and strengthens the relationship of understanding and makes a world a better place to live in. It is your method of communication that tells people that you are open to sharing, if you are not communicative and do not try to understand others approach, no matter how sincere you are, people will find it difficult to trust you. Empathetic Listening is a key to make people trust you, but it can be very risky sometimes. To listen to people and to relate to them, you have to open yourself up too which makes you vulnerable, but the key rule here is that you cannot influence someone if you are not yourself ready to be influenced. The more you open up, the more you are able to understand people and ultimately you are able to influence them but at the risk of your own security being exposed. Every principle can be applied to everyone, but not in its raw form, you need to customize the rules and principles according to the situation at hand. Only this way you are able to understand a person and his angle of seeing a certain thing, you need to understand the people to help them, advise them and take them out of their miseries. Find the principle that can help them, modify it and then apply it to the situation. Do not just help for the sake of helping or do not just listen and understand for the sake of understanding. If you invest effort, it will improve your personal relationships at basic level and community at large.One first has to develop his or her self to step into shoes of others, the personal strength and character can be built until one have the positive emotional bank account, empathetic listening and the pure desire to help the individuals. Listening is important because it helps you to speak effectively in a tone and with words that people want to listen to yo u. if you adopt the empathetic listening skills then you are able to repeat the words that people use in their conversation, rephrase them to look them more appealing so that your words become effective, finally in your tone you start reflecting the feeling in the same way the other person is perceiving it. This creates a psychological understanding and people are able to comprehend each other’s view exactly they meant it to be.

What is the benfit and how does it help us Research Paper - 1

What is the benfit and how does it help us - Research Paper Example A monitor is part of a computer that coordinates with the video card to ensure that images and texts are displayed on the screen. The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is a computer brain that is mandated to perform the basic functions such as arithmetic, logical, output and input operation of the computer system. On the other hand, keyboard is a part of a computer that is mandated to enter data and communicate using the computer. Finally, the mouse ensures that objects on the screen are easy to point, click and move them. It is worth noting that these four main parts vary in reference to the type of computer that is being utilized at the time (Oram 16). Eason (28) articulates that this technology emerged in the 19th Century when two scholars came up with a first computer that was known as HP 200 A Audio Oscillator, which rapidly gained popularity from the engineers as a test equipment. As a result of the impact that it brought about in the engineering field, there grew an urge to advance it so that would serve them with more options on functionalism. In the general sense, much advancement was realized between 1943 and 1988 whereby a computer was capable of incorporating drive for an optical storage disk , a built in digital signal processor that would handle voice recognition and object- oriented languages that were meant to simplify programming. Currently, there are variety of computers in the market that have been used for various functions in Engineering and other fields. It is for undoubted reasons that the benefits of computers are numerous particularly now that the world is submerged in a computer age. Firstly, computers have ensured that human beings are in a position to gain a working knowledge of other sciences and applications. Apparently, the engineering field has received an

Managerial Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Managerial Finance - Essay Example from the marriage of the managing director (then a saw mill owner) and a wealthy forestry owner from the north of England, in the phase of the current market situation a number reforms are about to be implemented base on the best option. This paper is therefore going to analyse the case thoroughly by looking at the main issues discussed in the case study in section 2 below; evaluating the management control system of Wooden Post Ltd as described in the case study in section 3 below; analyzing the case using agency and contingency theories in section 4; comparing and contrasting agency and contingency theory perspectives as well as looking at how the interpretation of the case differ from each theoretical perspective in section . This will require using certain financial analysis tool such as the Net Present Value and the Payback. The last section takes a decision and provides conclusion and recommendations The Wooden Post Ltd case study raises some important themes. The case first of all highlighted the issue of cultural change. The main idea in the area included improving on its transportation system, reducing cost in other to boost the organization competitive position. Agency control is also highlighted in the case through the introduction of a new director’s incentive scheme and a fall in growth potentials. Other problems raised in the case involve issues of corporate restructuring, contracting and outsourcing, employee’s redundancy. Under the present situation, management is now faced with the options of either merger and acquisition, joint venture or closure of some facilities. A couple of research has been carried out with the view to answer the two fundamental question as follows; (1) Does capital structure matters- can the total market value of a firm be increase or decrease by altering the mix of equity and debt? And, (2) if capital structure is relevant, what factors determine the optimal mix of equity and debt that would maximise the firm’s

How Educators Can Meet the Challenge Annotated Bibliography

How Educators Can Meet the Challenge - Annotated Bibliography Example These findings would help the researchers provide useful data for the research related to second language in South Korea because the implications look into the content teachers teach and the way they teach as well as the ways in which students learn. The author of this research is the student of Masters of Education of Second Language Learning in the University of Southern Queensland. This research was done as a requirement of receiving the Masters degree. The intended audience of this research is the instructors and students of English language in general and the faculty at the University of Southern Queensland in particular. Students and teachers particularly in South Korea can gain beneficial information from this research. The research may enable the instructors to modify their content and ways of teaching for good so that it may be conducive for better learning on the part of the students. Department of Defense Education Activity. (2007, March). English as a Second Language Program Guide: Planning for English Language Learner Success. Retrieved from http://www.dodea.edu/curriculum/docs/esl/eslprogramGuide0307.pdf. This is an excellent program guide for teaching English as a second language (ESL). The article available online is based on 9 chapters. The article makes a step-by-step approach to design a comprehensive program for teaching ESL. The first chapter offers an overview of the program. The second chapter is based on the process of ESL student identification, the third chapter focuses on instructional progra.

Answer of 2 Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Answer of 2 Question - Essay Example The thickness for this slice is given by ∆z = where Gz is the gradient strength, ∆z is the slice thickness, ÃŽ ³ is the young modulus, and ÃŽ ´f is the offset frequency. Therefore, making the offset frequency to be the subject of the formula we get ÃŽ ´f = where ÃŽ ´f is the offset frequency (Sheil, 44). Hence, From the figure, 7.9 showing out the signal of MRI obtained from fat and water there were two signals that were received. These signals include the signals from water which were at 4.8ppm and the signal from fat which was at 1.5ppm. The signal from water was displayed by a peak that was due to protons in water while that from fat was displayed by a peak due to protons within the fat. In the body of an organism, fat and water are the key components of protons. The molecules of fat and water contain a number of protons whose molecules is extremely beneficial in MR signal. From the figure, there were two peaks. One peak, which was 4.8ppm, was due to protons in water. Another peak, which was 1.5ppm, was due to protons in fat. These two peaks had different ppm because of a number of reasons. First, the relaxation time (T1) for water takes a longer duration of time compared to that of fat. This was evident in figure 7.10 where the weighted T1 image recorded reduced signals from water. In addition to this, transverse time of relaxation (T2) of water that was free had a short correlation time compared to that of fat. The decay of T2 is because of the interactions that are magnetic which occur in between the protons that are spinning. It is for this reason that the fat ppm had a shorter peak compared to that of water. Research has shown out that water has a longer time of relaxation since its natural motion frequency is higher compared to the clinically used larmor frequency (Sheil, 10). Relaxation time involves the time taken by protons to remain either coherent or have a phase rotation. This rotation normally